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This collision of pop-cultural nightmares with daylight reality has a perplexingly long history. The “future war” literature of the late 19th century conjured up the genocidal massacres, aerial bombardments, and demented tyrannies of the 20th. (The whole genre kicked off with an 1871 potboiler entitled, bathetically, The Battle of Dorking.) Even then, whenever writers envisaged combat between nations—rather than against Martian invaders—they generally undershot by miles: no Somme, no Auschwitz, no Hiroshima.
The literary scholar (and wartime code-breaker) I.F. Clarke devoted decades to tracing these uncanny pre-echoes of the carnage to come. His classic works Voices Prophesying War and The Pattern of Expectation may be hard to locate, but you can find a definitive essay of his about the doomsday hysteria of pulp fiction around 1900 here. Clarke stresses that these bloodthirsty melodramas were framed as wake-up calls, intended to push European states into massive rearmament. And so, by propelling the pre-1914 arms race, they helped to unleash just the sort of catastrophe their authors feared (or, perhaps, secretly desired).
Across the Atlantic, meanwhile, presses hummed with the lurid visions of annihilation that would, in later decades, supply the templates for disaster movies. A host of shabby little shockers—often xenophobic and inflammatory—trawled for moral and military lessons through the rubble of Manhattan. “We are amazed at the folly and the blindness which precipitated the struggle,” runs a typical postapocalyptic tale from 1890, The Stricken Nation (here, it’s the British who have pulverized New York), “while bewildered and appalled by its effects on the destinies of mankind.”
Humanistic piety pretends that great art alone has special gifts of prophecy. Just at the moment, it looks as though the trash will always have the final word. ![]()
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