Middle East

Jordan

Rana’s War

Alasdair Soussi
Glasgow, Scotland
March 25, 2005

Rana Husseini at her desk at The Jordan Times. Photo courtesy of Alasdair Soussi.

When a young female reporter joined the staff of The Jordan Times in 1993, “honor” killings were a dirty secret, a subject conveniently ignored by the masses. No one spoke of the cruelty that surrounded such deaths, or of the women whose lives were brutally and wantonly cut short. Indeed, in a society dominated by masculine principles, they were, in essence, Jordan’s forgotten victims.

For Rana Husseini, however, then newly assigned to the paper’s crime beat, “honor” killings provided a suspiciously uncomfortable amount of copy. And not content with just glossing over the issue, she took on the mantle of uncovering this silent but deadly aspect of Jordanian life.

“An incident [in 1994] involving a 16-year-old girl, shocked me the most,” says Husseini, speaking of the story that sparked off her initial interest. “It was the beginning of my career, and I covered this story which involved the death of this girl at the hands of her 31-year-old brother. She was killed because she was raped by her other 21-year-old brother, who put sleeping pills in her tea before carrying out the rape, threatening to kill her if she told her family. But she became pregnant, so she had to tell. So, he tried to kill her and she survived, but underwent an abortion. Later on, she was married off to a man 50 years older than her, but that only lasted six months. And on the day he divorced her, she was killed by her brother, to cleanse the family name.”

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“When I went to talk to her uncles who plotted the murder, I asked them why they helped to kill her if she was raped and why they punished her. And they said she seduced her brother to sleep with him. Then I asked them why she would want to sleep with her brother when there were other men on the street, and they began criticizing me for the way I was dressed [Husseini favors western style jeans and T-shirts over more traditional Arab women’s wear], for not being married, and other things of this sort.”

It was only after The Jordan Times published her story, retaining all the undesirable details of the case, that she realized the strength of opposition that existed in Jordanian society toward the public disclosure of such crimes. According to official figures, “honor” killings reportedly claim at least 25 lives each year in this country of 4.8 million, one of the highest per-capita rates in the world.

“One of the criticisms I received was from an intellectual Jordanian woman who worked in a high position and had studied abroad,” says Husseini, whose self-gathered crime statistics reveal that “honor” killings amount to one-third of all violent deaths in Jordan. “She called the newspaper and started screaming and yelling at my editor, saying that they should stop me from writing about these crimes because I was tarnishing the image of Jordan.”

This view, and other similar opinions, Husseini says, made her furious, and propelled her to find out the truth behind these killings, which, say analysts, have their roots in local custom, not Islam. She visited court proceedings and analyzed the manner in which vulnerable women were treated by the judicial system.

“I discovered these killers were getting away with very lenient sentences,” says Husseini, still with a note of disgust in her voice. “And then I also discovered that women who survived these attacks were being put in prison [at the women’s correctional facility in Amman] for their own protection. I was outraged.”

The next few years saw Husseini take the lead on many public awareness campaigns, where she attempted to both change people’s attitudes and amend the law — a move which earned her the Human Rights Watch Award (2000) and Reebok Human Rights Award (1998).

“We held several activities in 1999 and 2000, where we received 15,000 signatures demanding the cancellation of laws that discriminates against women,” she says. “The government introduced changes to Article 340 [of the Jordanian penal code] but that, in my view, was the wrong article to target as it was not applied in court to ‘honor’ crime cases. This law, which stipulates that a man benefits from a reduction in penalty if, after witnessing his wife in an adulterous affair, kills one or both of them, has only been used once. It was Article 98 that we wanted the government to take action on, as the elasticity of this article means that the judge can use it in whatever way he wants.”

She laughs ironically, before continuing: “And this is the article [98] that is used in all ‘honor’ crime cases. In fact, since I began my career, I have never seen a judge use Article 340. So, because of Article 98, which allows for a reduced sentence if a man kills in a fit of fury, killers are still only getting sentences from three months to two years.”

Husseini, a born and bred Jordanian, gained both her Bachelor’s and Master’s degree from Oklahoma City University, before returning home and taking up employment at The Jordan Times, the country’s only English-language daily. Husseini’s years abroad, however, gave rise to accusations that she picked up “foreign” ideas about women in America, though such criticisms have been strongly contested by various high-profile figures who have thrown their weight behind Husseini’s campaign.

“[Husseini] almost single-handedly brought this [‘honor’ crime] problem to the attention of the public …” wrote Queen Noor, wife of the late King Hussein of Jordan, in her autobiography, Leap of Faith. “Many criticized her work and motives, and some even sent hate mail and threats. But Rana persisted.”

Husseini is encouraged by the positive results yielded by her and her fellow comrade’s activities — the government’s introduction of the Family Protection Project in 2000 being one such triumph — and is optimistic about seeing a significant decrease in “honor” killings within the next 20 years.

“[Jordanian] society is changing, especially since now both men and women work,” she says. “It’s not like the old days. Many men now look for women [to marry] who work, rather than women who are sitting at home. So things are changing, and when it comes to ‘honor’ crimes, there is a lot more public awareness than there was 10 years ago. But, of course, in every society when you want to change something you’ll face resistance. Sometimes I get accused of being used by the West, of being a Western agent, but I’m sorry, I don’t need anyone in the West to tell me that killing a woman is wrong.”




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