Finland 
Facts
Population:
5,175,783 (July 2001 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years:
18% (male 474,967; female 456,584)
15-64 years:
66.97% (male 1,750,660; female 1,715,358)
65 years and over:
15.03% (male 300,569; female 477,645) (2001 est.)
Population growth rate:
0.16% (2001 est.)
Birth rate:
10.69 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Death rate:
9.75 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Net migration rate:
0.61 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years:
1.02 male(s)/female
65 years and over:
0.63 male(s)/female
total population:
0.95 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
3.79 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population:
77.58 years
male:
73.92 years
female:
81.36 years (2001 est.)
Total fertility rate:
1.7 children born/woman (2001 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
0.05% (1999 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
1,100 (1999 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
less than 100 (1999 est.)
Nationality:
noun:
Finn(s)
adjective:
Finnish
Ethnic groups:
Finn 93%, Swede 6%, Sami 0.11%, Roma 0.12%, Tatar 0.02%
Religions:
Evangelical Lutheran 89%, Greek Orthodox 1%, none 9%, other 1%
Languages:
Finnish 93.4% (official), Swedish 5.9% (official), small Lapp- and Russian-speaking minorities
Literacy:
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write
total population:
100% (1980 est.)
male:
NA%
female:
NA%
GDP:
purchasing power parity - $118.3 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
5.6% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita:
purchasing power parity - $22,900 (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture:
3.5%
industry:
29%
services:
67.5% (1999)
Population below poverty line:
NA%
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%:
4.2%
highest 10%:
21.6% (1991)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
3.4% (2000 est.)
Labor force:
2.6 million (2000 est.)
Labor force - by occupation:
public services 32%, industry 22%, commerce 14%, finance, insurance, and business services 10%, agriculture and forestry 8%, transport and communications 8%, construction 6%
Unemployment rate:
9.8% (2000 est.)
Budget:
revenues:
$36.1 billion
expenditures:
$31 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
Industries:
metal products, shipbuilding, pulp and paper, copper refining, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles, clothing
Industrial production growth rate:
7.5% (2000)
Electricity - production:
75.792 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source:
fossil fuel:
41.88%
hydro:
16.77%
nuclear:
28.82%
other:
12.53% (1999)
Electricity - consumption:
81.611 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports:
232 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports:
11.356 billion kWh (1999)
Agriculture - products:
cereals, sugar beets, potatoes; dairy cattle; fish
Exports:
$44.4 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
Exports - commodities:
machinery and equipment, chemicals, metals; timber, paper, pulp
Exports - partners:
EU 58% (Germany 13%, Sweden 10%, UK 9%, France 5%, Netherlands 4%), US 8%, Russia, Japan (1999)
Imports:
$32.7 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
Imports - commodities:
foodstuffs, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, transport equipment, iron and steel, machinery, textile yarn and fabrics, grains
Imports - partners:
EU 60% (Germany 15%, Sweden 11%, UK 7%), US 8%, Russia 7%, Japan 6% (1999)
Debt - external:
$30 billion (December 1993)
Economic aid - donor:
ODA, $379 million (1997)
Currency:
markka (FIM); euro (EUR)
note:
on 1 January 1999, the EU introduced the euro as a common currency that is now being used by financial institutions in Finland at a fixed rate of 5.94573 markkaa per euro and will replace the local currency for all transactions in 2002
Currency code:
FIM; EUR
Exchange rates:
euros per US dollar - 1.0659 (January 2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); markkaa per US dollar - 5.3441 (1998), 5.1914 (1997), 4.5936 (1996)
Fiscal year:
calendar year
Statistics: CIA World Factbook.
Press
(Centrist, English-language), Helsinki
http://www.hs.fi/english/
(Swedish People's Party organ), Helsinki
http://www.hbl.fi/
Ilta-Sanomat
(Independent), Helsinki
Suomen Sosialidemokraatti
(Social Democrat organ), Helsinki
Suomenmaa
(Center Party organ), Helsinki
(Independent), Turku
http://www.turunsanomat.fi/
Finland in the News
Despite the molding of a more active, pragmatic foreign policy since the fall of Communism, Finland seems reluctant to abandon its status of non-commitment and apply for NATO membership.
Helsingin Sanomat finds that low pay and low prestige are driving Finns away from the teaching profession.
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