Mali 
Facts
Population:
11,008,518 (July 2001 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years:
47.2% (male 2,612,215; female 2,583,370)
15-64 years:
49.73% (male 2,610,142; female 2,864,127)
65 years and over:
3.07% (male 158,486; female 180,178) (2001 est.)
Population growth rate:
2.97% (2001 est.)
Birth rate:
48.79 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Death rate:
18.71 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Net migration rate:
-0.36 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years:
1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years:
0.91 male(s)/female
65 years and over:
0.88 male(s)/female
total population:
0.96 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
121.44 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population:
47.02 years
male:
45.84 years
female:
48.24 years (2001 est.)
Total fertility rate:
6.81 children born/woman (2001 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
2.03% (1999 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
100,000 (1999 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
9,900 (1999 est.)
Nationality:
noun:
Malian(s)
adjective:
Malian
Ethnic groups:
Mande 50% (Bambara, Malinke, Soninke), Peul 17%, Voltaic 12%, Songhai 6%, Tuareg and Moor 10%, other 5%
Religions:
Muslim 90%, indigenous beliefs 9%, Christian 1%
Languages:
French (official), Bambara 80%, numerous African languages
Literacy:
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write
total population:
31%
male:
39.4%
female:
23.1% (1995 est.)
GDP:
purchasing power parity - $9.1 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
4.8% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita:
purchasing power parity - $850 (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture:
46%
industry:
21%
services:
33% (1998)
Population below poverty line:
NA%
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%:
1.8%
highest 10%:
40.4% (1994)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
0.8% (2000 est.)
Labor force:
NA
Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture and fishing 80% (1998 est.)
Unemployment rate:
NA%
Budget:
revenues:
$730 million
expenditures:
$770 million, including capital expenditures of $320 million (1997 est.)
Industries:
minor local consumer goods production and food processing; construction; phosphate and gold mining
Industrial production growth rate:
NA
Electricity - production:
445 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source:
fossil fuel:
44.94%
hydro:
55.06%
nuclear:
0%
other:
0% (1999)
Electricity - consumption:
413.9 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports:
0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports:
0 kWh (1999)
Agriculture - products:
cotton, millet, rice, corn, vegetables, peanuts; cattle, sheep, goats
Exports:
$480 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Exports - commodities:
cotton 50%, gold, livestock (1999 est.)
Exports - partners:
Italy 18%, Thailand 15%, Germany 7%, Portugal 4% (1999)
Imports:
$575 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Imports - commodities:
machinery and equipment, construction materials, petroleum, foodstuffs, textiles
Imports - partners:
Cote d'Ivoire 19%, France 19%, Senegal 4%, Benelux 3% (1999)
Debt - external:
$3 billion (1999)
Economic aid - recipient:
$596.4 million (1995)
Currency:
Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States
Currency code:
XOF
Exchange rates:
Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 699.21 (January 2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.70 (1999), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997), 511.55 (1996); note - from 1 January 1999, the XOF is pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XOF per euro
Fiscal year:
calendar year
Statistics: CIA World Factbook.
Press
Concorde
(Independent weekly), Bamako
Les Echos
(Online French-language newspaper), Bamako
L'Essor-La Voix du Peuple
(government paper), Bamako
Podium
(Independent weekly), Bamako
Republican, The
(Independent weekly), Bamako
Mali in the News
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Displaying 1 to 4 of 11 items.
Ethiopia's "mission" in Somalia—defeating the Union of Islamic Courts, propping up the government and forging a partnership with Washington in the "war on terror"—has not been accomplished.
The Islamic regime, which had progressively taken control of much of Somalia, was overthrown in December by an Ethiopian invasion force backed—financially and militarily—by the United States.
The U.S.-backed warlords' defeat represents a major setback for Washington in the proxy war it has been waging to assert control over Somalia's 8 million inhabitants.
Rachel S. Taylor profiles Alpha Ouamar Konare, a former president of Mali and now the head of the African Union.
Americas 
