Mongolia

Facts

Population:  2,654,999 (July 2001 est.)
Age structure:  0-14 years:  32.99% (male 445,252; female 430,758) 15-64 years:  63.13% (male 837,771; female 838,384) 65 years and over:  3.88% (male 44,436; female 58,398) (2001 est.)
Population growth rate:  1.47% (2001 est.)
Birth rate:  21.8 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Death rate:  7.1 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Net migration rate:  0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Sex ratio:  at birth:  1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years:  1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years:  1 male(s)/female 65 years and over:  0.76 male(s)/female total population:  1 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Infant mortality rate:  53.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:  total population:  64.26 years male:  62.14 years female:  66.5 years (2001 est.)
Total fertility rate:  2.39 children born/woman (2001 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:  less than 0.01% (1999 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:  less than 100 (1999 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths:  NA
Nationality:  noun:  Mongolian(s) adjective:  Mongolian
Ethnic groups:  Mongol (predominantly Khalkha) 85%, Turkic (of which Kazakh is the largest group) 7%, Tungusic 4.6%, other (including Chinese and Russian) 3.4% (1998)
Religions:  Tibetan Buddhist Lamaism 96%, Muslim (primarily in the southwest), Shamanism, and Christian 4% (1998)
Languages:  Khalkha Mongol 90%, Turkic, Russian (1999)
Literacy:  definition:  age 15 and over can read and write total population:  97% male:  98% female:  97.5% (2000)
GDP:  purchasing power parity - $4.7 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:  -1% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita:  purchasing power parity - $1,780 (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:  agriculture:  36% industry:  22% services:  42% (2000 est.)
Population below poverty line:  40% (2000 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:  lowest 10%:  2.9% highest 10%:  24.5% (1995)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):  7.6% (1999)
Labor force:  1.3 million (1999)
Labor force - by occupation:  primarily herding/agricultural
Unemployment rate:  NA%
Budget:  revenues:  $262 million expenditures:  $328 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
Industries:  construction materials, mining (particularly coal and copper); food and beverages, processing of animal products
Industrial production growth rate:  2.4% (2000 est.)
Electricity - production:  2.671 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source:  fossil fuel:  100% hydro:  0% nuclear:  0% other:  0% (1999)
Electricity - consumption:  2.767 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports:  80 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports:  363 million kWh (1999)
Agriculture - products:  wheat, barley, potatoes, forage crops; sheep, goats, cattle, camels, horses
Exports:  $454.3 million (f.o.b., 1999)
Exports - commodities:  copper, livestock, animal products, cashmere, wool, hides, fluorspar, other nonferrous metals
Exports - partners:  China 60%, US 20%, Russia 9%, Japan 2% (2000 est.)
Imports:  $510.7 million (c.i.f., 1999)
Imports - commodities:  machinery and equipment, fuels, food products, industrial consumer goods, chemicals, building materials, sugar, tea
Imports - partners:  Russia 33%, China 21%, Japan 12%, South Korea 10%, US 4% (1999)
Debt - external:  $760 million (2000 est.)
Economic aid - recipient:  $200 million (1998 est.)
Currency:  togrog/tugrik (MNT)
Currency code:  MNT
Exchange rates:  togrogs/tugriks per US dollar - 1,097.00 (December 2000), 1,076.67 (2000), 1,072.37 (1999), 840.83 (1998), 789.99 (1997), 548.40 (1996)
Fiscal year:  calendar year

Statistics: CIA World Factbook.