Hungary

Map Hungary

Flag of Hungary

Facts

Background: Hungary became a Christian kingdom in A.D. 1000 and for many centuries served as a bulwark against Ottoman Turkish expansion in Europe. The kingdom eventually became part of the polyglot Austro-Hungarian Empire, which collapsed during World War I. The country fell under Communist rule following World War II. In 1956, a revolt and an announced withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact were met with a massive military intervention by Moscow. Under the leadership of Janos KADAR in 1968, Hungary began liberalizing its economy, introducing so-called "Goulash Communism." Hungary held its first multiparty elections in 1990 and initiated a free market economy. It joined NATO in 1999 and the EU five years later. In 2011, Hungary assumed the six-month rotating presidency of the EU for the first time.
Location: Central Europe, northwest of Romania
Area land: 89,608 sq km
Area water: 3,420 sq km
Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Hungary
Country name conventional short form: Hungary
Country name former: Republic of Hungary
Population: 9,976,062 (July 2011 est.)
Age structure: 0-14 years: 14.9% (male 767,824/female 721,242); 15-64 years: 68.2% (male 3,361,538/female 3,444,450); 65 years and over: 16.9% (male 622,426/female 1,058,582) (2011 est.);
Population growth rate: -0.17% (2011 est.)
Birth rate: 9.6 births/1,000 population (2011 est.)
Death rate: 12.68 deaths/1,000 population (July 2011 est.)
Net migration rate: 1.39 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2011 est.)
Sex ratio: at birth: 1.057 male(s)/female; under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female; 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female; 65 years and over: 0.57 male(s)/female; total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2011 est.);
Infant mortality rate: total: 5.31 deaths/1,000 live births; male: 5.57 deaths/1,000 live births; female: 5.04 deaths/1,000 live births (2011 est.);
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 74.79 years; male: 71.04 years; female: 78.76 years (2011 est.);
Total fertility rate: 1.4 children born/woman (2011 est.);
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: less than 0.1% (2009 est.);
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: 3,000 (2009 est.);
HIV/AIDS - deaths: fewer than 200 (2009 est.);
Nationality: noun: Hungarian(s); adjective: Hungarian;
Ethnic groups: Hungarian 92.3%, Roma 1.9%, other or unknown 5.8% (2001 census);
Religions: Roman Catholic 51.9%, Calvinist 15.9%, Lutheran 3%, Greek Catholic 2.6%, other Christian 1%, other or unspecified 11.1%, unaffiliated 14.5% (2001 census);
Languages: Hungarian 93.6%, other or unspecified 6.4% (2001 census);
Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write; total population: 99.4%; male: 99.5%; female: 99.3% (2003 est.);
GDP (purchasing power parity): $190 billion (2010 est.); $188.5 billion (2009 est.); $201.2 billion (2008 est.);

note: data are in 2010 US dollars

GDP (official exchange rate): $132.3 billion (2010 est.);
GDP - real growth rate: 0.8% (2010 est.); -6.3% (2009 est.); 0.6% (2008 est.);
GDP - per capita (PPP): $19,000 (2010 est.); $18,800 (2009 est.); $20,100 (2008 est.);

note: data are in 2010 US dollars

GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 3.3%; industry: 30.8%; services: 65.9% (2010 est.);
Population below poverty line: 13.9% (2010);
Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 3.1%; highest 10%: 22.6% (2009);
Labor force: 4.3 million (2010 est.);
Labor force - by occupation: agriculture: 4.7%; industry: 30.9%; services: 64.4% (2010);
Unemployment rate: 10.7% (2010 est.); 11.4% (2009 est.);
Budget: revenues: $63.1 billion; expenditures: $67.31 billion (2010 est.);
Industries: mining, metallurgy, construction materials, processed foods, textiles, chemicals (especially pharmaceuticals), motor vehicles;
Industrial production growth rate: 11% (2010 est.);
Electricity - production: 37.55 billion kWh (2010 est.);
Electricity - consumption: 42.7 billion kWh (2010 est.);
Electricity - exports: 4.703 billion kWh (2010 est.);
Electricity - imports: 9.879 billion kWh (2010 est.);